期刊
CELL
卷 169, 期 5, 页码 930-+出版社
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.004
关键词
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资金
- EMBO [ALTF523-2013]
- HSFP
- NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (Bench to Bassinet Program) [U01HL098179]
- Gladstone Institutes, and William H. Younger, Jr
- UCSF-Gladstone Institute of Virology & Immunology Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) [NIH P30 AI027763]
- National Human Genome Research Institute [R01 HG003143, U54 HG007010]
- NIH Common Fund [U54 DK107980, U01 DA 040588]
The molecular mechanisms underlying folding of mammalian chromosomes remain poorly understood. The transcription factor CTCF is a candidate regulator of chromosomal structure. Using the auxin-inducible degron system in mouse embryonic stem cells, we show that CTCF is absolutely and dose-dependently required for looping between CTCF target sites and insulation of topologically associating domains (TADs). Restoring CTCF reinstates proper architecture on altered chromosomes, indicating a powerful instructive function for CTCF in chromatin folding. CTCF remains essential for TAD organization in non-dividing cells. Surprisingly, active and inactive genome compartments remain properly segregated upon CTCF depletion, revealing that compartmentalization of mammalian chromosomes emerges independently of proper insulation of TADs. Furthermore, our data support that CTCF mediates transcriptional insulator function through enhancer blocking but not as a direct barrier to heterochromatin spreading. Beyond defining the functions of CTCF in chromosome folding, these results provide new fundamental insights into the rules governing mammalian genome organization.
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