期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
卷 312, 期 6, 页码 R982-R995出版社
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00543.2016
关键词
vasopressin; AVP; corticotropin-releasing hormone; CRH; median eminence; nitric oxide
类别
资金
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Multi-PI grant [R01-HL-098602]
Hypoxia results in decreased arterial PO2, arterial chemoreflex activation, and compensatory increases in breathing, sympathetic outflow, and neuroendocrine secretions, including increased secretion of AVP, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone. In addition to a brain stem pathway, including the nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS) and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), medullary pathways to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) contribute to chemoreflex responses. Experiments evaluated activation of specific cell phenotypes within the PVN following an acute hypoxic stimulus (AH; 2 h, 10% O-2) in conscious rats. Retrograde tracers (from spinal cord and RVLM) labeled presympathetic (PreS) neurons, and immunohistochemistry identified AVP- and CRH-immunoreactive (IR) cells. c-Fos-IR was an index of neuronal activation. Hypoxia activated AVP-IR (similar to 6%) and CRH-IR (similar to 15%) cells, but not PreS cells in the PVN, suggesting that sympathoexcitation during moderate AH is mediated mainly by a pathway that does not include PreS neurons in the PVN. Approximately 14 to 17% of all PVN cell phenotypes examined expressed neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS-IR). AH activated only nNOS-negative AVP-IR neurons. In contrast similar to 23% of activated CRH-IR neurons in the PVN contained nNOS. In the median eminence, CRH-IR terminals were closely opposed to tanycyte processes and end-feet (vimentin-IR) in the external zone, where vascular NO participates in tanycyte retraction to facilitate neuropeptide secretion into the pituitary portal circulation. Results are consistent with an inhibitory role of NO on AVP and PreS neurons in the PVN and an excitatory role of NO on CRH secretion in the PVN and median eminence.
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