Organic solar cells processed from green solvents

Solution-processed organic solar cells illustrate challenges inherent in processing p-conjugated semiconductors from sustainable polar solvents. The choice of processing conditions strongly influences the self-assembly of the complex multi-component morphology required for effective charge generation and extraction. High power conversion efficiencies have been achieved with a variety of materials and solvents, but greater emphasis on green solvent processing has the potential to make organic solar cells competitive to solar energy alternatives that rely on significantly more toxic compositions.