High-fat diet-induced acceleration of osteoarthritis is associated with a distinct and sustained plasma metabolite signature

Metabolic changes induced by high fat diet (HFD) that contribute to osteoarthritis (OA) are poorly understood. We investigated longitudinal changes to metabolites and their contribution to OA pathogenesis in response to HFD. HFD-fed mice exhibited acceleration of spontaneous age-related and surgically-induced OA compared to lean diet (LD)-fed mice. Using metabolomics, we identified that HFD-fed mice exhibited a distinct and sustained plasma metabolite signature rich in phosphatidylcholines (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs), even after resumption of normal chow diet. Using receiver operator curve analysis and prediction modelling, we showed that the concentration of these identified metabolites could efficiently predict the type of diet and OA risk with an accuracy of 93%. Further, longitudinal evaluation of knee joints of HFD-compared to LD-fed mice showed a greater percentage of leptin-positive chondrocytes. Mechanistic data showed that leptin-treated human OA chondrocytes exhibited enhanced production of lysoPCs and expression of autotaxin and catabolic MMP-13. Leptin-induced increased MMP13 expression was reversed by autotaxin inhibition. Together, this study is the first to describe a distinct and sustained HFD-induced metabolite signature. This study suggests that in addition to increased weight, identified metabolites and local leptin-signaling may also contribute in part, towards the accelerated OA-phenotype observed in HFD mice.