Tunable multilayer assemblies of nanofibrous composite mats as permeable protective materials against chemical warfare agents

Lightweight nanofibrous assemblies with high protection ability against chemical warfare agents (CWAs) were developed using laminated outer and inner layers based on nanofibre composites. The outer layer was composed of a meta-aramid nanofibre and CWA adsorbents (MgO and POM), and possessed high mechanical strength and an amphiphobic surface capable of repelling liquid CWAs. The inner layer, consisted of a polyamide 66 nanofibre and CWA adsorbents, exhibited low permeability to gas CWAs and high permeability to water vapor. These outer and inner layers were prepared by simultaneous electrospinning and electrospraying processes. By controlling the stacking of the inner and outer layers, the characteristics of their assemblies, such as thickness, weight density, and cool/warm feeling, were improved. In addition, the assemblies resisted the invasion of CWAs, while still maintaining considerable water vapor transmission to allow evaporative cooling of the wearer. Based on these results, assemblies composed of nanofibrous composite can be used as in garments that protect wearers from various contaminants such as organic pollutants and harmful particulates, as well as from CWAs.