Pulmonary Toxicities from Checkpoint Immunotherapy for Malignancy

Checkpoint immunotherapy with agents targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4 has transformed the landscape of oncologic therapy. Immune-related adverse events (IRAEs), including significant pulmonary toxicities, have been observed in patients treated with these agents. The incidence, timing, clinical features, and outcomes of pulmonary IRAEs are quite variable, emphasizing the importance for clinical vigilance as these therapies become more ubiquitous in the treatment of a spectrum of malignancies. Outcomes are generally favorable when toxicity is recognized early and treated promptly.