The clock gene, brain and muscle Arnt-like 1, regulates autophagy in high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury

High-glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury is the major cause of diabetic cardiomyopathy, but its regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we report that a circadian clock gene, brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 (Bmal1), increases autophagy in high-glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury. We constructed a hyperglycemia model with cultured cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats. Highglucose- induced inhibition of autophagy and cardiomyocyte injury were attenuated by Bmal1 overexpression and aggravated by its knockdown. Furthermore, autophagy stabilization by 3-methyladenine or rapamycin partially suppressed the effects of altered Bmal1 expression on cardiomyocyte survival. Mechanistically, Bmal1 mediated resistance to high-glucose-induced inhibition of autophagy at least partly by inhibiting mTOR signaling activity. Collectively, our findings suggest that the clock gene Bmal1 is a positive regulator of autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway and protects cardiomyocytes against high-glucose toxicity.