High TGF-β1 expression predicts poor disease prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) promotes the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the associations between TGF-beta 1 expression and clinicopathological parameters in HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), as well as the prognostic power of TGF-beta 1 expression. Eligible studies were retrieved from several databases, and effects (hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were pooled to assess the prognostic ability of TGF-beta 1 expression in HCC patients. Twelve qualified articles and our TCGA data comprising 2,021 HCC patients were incorporated. In the TCGA analysis, HCC patients with higher TGF-beta 1 expression presented a shorter OS than those with lower TGF-beta 1 expression (HR = 1.42, p < 0.05). In the meta-analysis, univariate analyses showed that HCC patients with higher TGF-beta 1 expression had a shorter OS (pooling HR = 1.71, p < 0.01) and DFS/RFS/MFS/PFS (pooling HR = 1.60, p < 0.01) than those with lower TGF-beta 1 expression. In conclusion, our results suggested that high TGF-beta 1 expression promotes a poor prognosis in HCC patients.