ETB receptor contribution to vascular dysfunction in postmenopausal women

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to age-related endothelial dysfunction in men via the ETA receptor. However, there are sex differences in the ET-1 system, and ETB receptors are modulated by sex hormones. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that ETB receptors contribute to impaired vasodilatory function in postmenopausal women (PMW). We measured flowmediated dilation (FMD) using ultrasound, and cutaneous nitric oxide- mediated vasodilation during local heating (42(circle)C) via laser Doppler flowmetry in 18 young women (YW; 22 +/- 1 yr) and 16 PMW (56 +/- 1 yr). Cutaneous microdialysis perfusions of lactated Ringer (control), an ETB receptor antagonist (BQ-788, 300 nM), and an ETA receptor antagonist (BQ-123, 500 nM), were done through separate fibers, followed by perfusions of sodium nitroprusside (28 mM) and local heating to 43(circle)C (max). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as cutaneous blood flow/mean arterial pressure and expressed as a percent of maximal dilation. FMD (YW: 7.5 +/- 0.5 vs. PMW: 5.6 +/- 0.6%) and cutaneous vasodilation (YW: 93 +/- 2 vs. PMW: 83 +/- 4% (CVCmax)) were lower in PMW (both P < 0.05). Blockade of ETB receptors decreased cutaneous vasodilation in YW (87 +/- 2% CVCmax; P < 0.05 vs. control) but increased vasodilation in PMW (93 +/- 1% CVCmax; P < 0.05 vs. control). ETA receptor blockade had minimal effect in YW (92 +/- 1% CVCmax) but increased cutaneous vasodilation in PMW (91 +/- 2% CVCmax; P < 0.05 vs. control). In conclusion, ETB receptors mediate vasodilation in YW, but this effect is lost after menopause. Impaired vasodilatory function in PMW is due in part to a loss of ETB-mediated dilation.