In vivo 17O MRS imaging - Quantitative assessment of regional oxygen consumption and perfusion rates in living brain

In the last decade, in vivo oxygen-17 (O-17) MRS has evolved into a promising MR technique for non-invasively studying oxygen metabolism and perfusion in aerobic organs with the capability of imaging the regional metabolic rate of oxygen and its changes. In this chapter, we will briefly review the methodology of the in vivo O-17 MRS technique and its recent development and applications; we will also discuss the advantages of the high/ultrahigh magnetic field for O-17 MR detection, as well as the challenges and potential of this unique MRS method for biomedical research of oxygen metabolism, mitochondrial function and tissue energetics in health and disease. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.