Scaling of geometric phase and fidelity susceptibility across the critical points and their relations

It has been found via numerical simulations that the geometric phase (GP) and fidelity susceptibility (FS) across the quantum critical points exhibit some universal scaling laws. Here we propose a singular function expansion method to find their exact singular forms and the related coefficients across the critical points. For models where the gaps are closed and reopened at special points (k(0) = 0,pi), scaling laws can be found as a function of the system length N and parameter deviation lambda - lambda(c), where lambda(c) refers to one of the critical parameters. Although the GP and FS are defined in totally different ways, we find that these two measurements are essentially determined by the same physics, and as a consequence, their coefficients are closely related. Some of these exact relations are found in the anisotropic XY model and extended Ising models. We also show that the constant term in FS may be accompanied by a discontinuous jump across the critical points and, thus, does not have a universal scaling form. These findings should be in contrast to the cases where the gaps are not closed and reopened at the special points, in which some of the above scaling laws may break down as a function of the system length. Finally, we investigate the second-order derivative of GP, which may also exhibit some scaling laws across the critical point. These exact results can greatly enrich our understanding of GP and FS in the characterization of quantum phase transitions and may even find important applications in related physical quantities, such as entanglement, discord, correlation, and quantum Euler numbers, which may also exhibit scaling laws across the critical points.