NF-κB Signalling in Glioblastoma

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is a transcription factor regulating a wide array of genes mediating numerous cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, motility and survival, to name a few. Aberrant activation of NF-kappa B is a frequent event in numerous cancers, including glioblastoma, the most common and lethal form of brain tumours of glial cell origin (collectively termed gliomas). Glioblastoma is characterized by high cellular heterogeneity, resistance to therapy and almost inevitable recurrence after surgery and treatment. NF-kappa B is aberrantly activated in response to a variety of stimuli in glioblastoma, where its activity has been implicated in processes ranging from maintenance of cancer stem-like cells, stimulation of cancer cell invasion, promotion of mesenchymal identity, and resistance to radiotherapy. This review examines the mechanisms of NF-kappa B activation in glioblastoma, the involvement of NF-kappa B in several mechanisms underlying glioblastoma propagation, and discusses some of the important questions of future research into the roles of NF-kappa B in glioblastoma.