期刊
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
卷 10, 期 8, 页码 3105-3123出版社
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
DOI: 10.5194/gmd-10-3105-2017
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资金
- BONUS
- joint Baltic Sea research and development programme (Art 185)
- European Union's Seventh Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration
- SmartSea project of the Strategic Research Council of Academy of Finland [292 985]
- Swedish research council for environment, agriculture sciences, and spatial planning (FORMAS)
The Baltic Sea is a seasonally ice-covered marginal sea in northern Europe with intense wintertime ship traffic and a sensitive ecosystem. Understanding and modeling the evolution of the sea-ice pack is important for climate effect studies and forecasting purposes. Here we present and evaluate the sea-ice component of a new NEMO-LIM3.6-based ocean-sea-ice setup for the North Sea and Baltic Sea region (NEMO-Nordic). The setup includes a new depth-based fast-ice parametrization for the Baltic Sea. The evaluation focuses on long-term statistics, from a 45-year long hindcast, although short-term daily performance is also briefly evaluated. We show that NEMO-Nordic is well suited for simulating the mean sea-ice extent, concentration, and thickness as compared to the best available observational data set. The variability of the annual maximum Baltic Sea ice extent is well in line with the observations, but the 19612006 trend is underestimated. Capturing the correct ice thickness distribution is more challenging. Based on the simulated ice thickness distribution we estimate the undeformed and deformed ice thickness and concentration in the Baltic Sea, which compares reasonably well with observations.
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