Biological Characterization of the Biocontrol Agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CPA-8: The Effect of Temperature, pH and Water Activity on Growth, Susceptibility to Antibiotics and Detection of Enterotoxic Genes

This work focuses on the biological understanding of the biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CPA-8 in order to accomplish the characterization required in the registration process for the development of a microorganism-based product. The tolerance of CPA-8 to grow under different pH-temperature and water activity (a (w))-temperature conditions was widely demonstrated. Regarding the pH results, optimum growth at the evaluated conditions was observed at 37 A degrees C and pH between 7 and 5. On the contrary, the slowest growth was recorded at 20 A degrees C and pH 4.5. Moreover, the type of solute used to reduce a (w) had a great influence on the minimum a (w) at which the bacterium was able to grow. The lowest a (w) values for CPA-8 growth in media modified with glycerol and glucose were 0.950 and 0.960, respectively. Besides, the lowest a (w) for CPA-8 growth increased when the temperature decreased to 20 A degrees C, at which CPA-8 was not able to grow at less than 0.990 a (w), regardless of the type of solute. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out to determine which antibiotic could affect the behavior of the bacteria and revealed that CPA-8 was clearly resistant to hygromycin. Finally, a PCR amplification assay to detect the presence of enterotoxic genes from Bacillus cereus in CPA-8 was also performed. CPA-8 gave negative results for all the genes tested except for nheA gene, which is not enough for the toxicity expression, suggesting that fruit treated with this antagonist will not be a potential vehicle for foodborne illnesses.