HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: from bedside to the future

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening complication of HIV infection. The prevalence of HIV-associated PAH (HIV-PAH) seems not to be changed over time, regardless of the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In comparison with the incidence of idiopathic PAH in the general population (1-2 per million), HIV-infected patients have a 2500-fold increased risk of developing PAH. HIV-PAH treatment is similar to that for all PAH conditions and includes lifestyle changes, general treatments and specific treatments.