PPARγ and Its Role in Cardiovascular Diseases

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Gamma (PPAR gamma), a ligand-activated transcription factor, has a role in various cellular functions as well as glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and prevention of oxidative stress. The activators of PPAR gamma are already widely used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The cardioprotective effect of PPAR gamma activation has been studied extensively over the years making them potential therapeutic targets in diseases associated with cardiovascular disorders. However, they are also associated with adverse cardiovascular events such as congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction. This review aims to discuss the role of PPAR gamma in the various cardiovascular diseases and summarize the current knowledge on PPAR gamma agonists from multiple clinical trials. Finally, we also review the new PPAR gamma agonists under development as potential therapeutics with reduced or no adverse effects.