期刊
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
卷 56, 期 36, 页码 10717-10720出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704458
关键词
nanophotosensitizer; photodynamic therapy; reactive oxygen species (ROS); ruthenium complexes; TiO2
资金
- Mr. and Mrs. Spencer T. Olin Fellowship for Women in Graduate Study
- NIH [U54 CA199092, R01 EB021048, R01 CA171651, P50 CA094056, P30 CA091842, S10 OD016237, S10 RR031625, S10 OD020129]
- Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program [W81XWH-16-1-0286]
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Research Fund [11-FY16-01]
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used to treat diverse diseases, but its dependence on oxygen to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) diminishes the therapeutic effect in a hypoxic environment, such as solid tumors. Herein, we developed a ROS-producing hybrid nanoparticle-based photosensitizer capable of maintaining high levels of ROS under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Conjugation of a ruthenium complex (N3) to a TiO2 nanoparticle afforded TiO2-N3. Upon exposure of TiO2-N3 to light, the N3 injected electrons into TiO2 to produce three-and fourfold more hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, than TiO2 at 160 mmHg. TiO2-N3 maintained three-fold higher hydroxyl radicals than TiO2 under hypoxic conditions via N3-facilitated electron-hole reduction of adsorbed water molecules. The incorporation of N3 transformed TiO2 from a dual type I and II PDT agent to a predominantly type I photosensitizer, irrespective of the oxygen content.
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