Sublethal and hormesis effects of beta-cypermethrin on the biology, life table parameters and reproductive potential of soybean aphid Aphis glycines

Beta-cypermethrin has long been recommended as an effective pesticide to control the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, a serious pest in soybean crops. Besides acute toxicity, it leads to changes in life history traits of A. glycines, notably its reproductive potential. This study has assessed the effects of five sublethal concentrations (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 A mu g/L) of beta-cypermethrin on different life history traits of A. glycines. Exposure to these concentrations caused shorter oviposition period and reduced adult longevity. The strongest stimulatory effect on aphid reproduction was achieved when exposed to a higher sublethal beta-cypermethrin concentration (5 A mu g/L). Net reproduction rate (R (0) ), intrinsic rate of increase (r (m) ) and finite rate of increase (lambda) were significantly higher than that of the control, increasing by 20.58, 4.89 and 2.06%, respectively. We found no significant difference in mean generation time (T) between the treatment of 5 A mu g/L beta-cypermethrin and the control. However, when the concentration increased to 10 A mu g/L, the reproduction behavior was restrained and the mean generation time (T) was shortened, resulting in significant decrease in R (0) and T by 16.58 and 3.83%, respectively. In conclusion, a sublethal concentration (5 A mu g/L) of beta-cypermethrin triggered the strongest hormesis on A.glycines, thus providing valuable knowledge on the sublethal effects of this insecticide on soybean aphids. Hormesis may be one of the mechanisms underlying pest resurgences, and better knowledge would enable a more effective use of insecticides in Integrated Pest Management programs.