期刊
CHEMOSPHERE
卷 183, 期 -, 页码 53-61出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.056
关键词
Firefighting foam; Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS); Water contamination; Airport; Fluorotelomer; Total oxidizable precursor method
资金
- French Ministry of Health (DGS)
- Rhone-Medi-terranean-Corsica Water Agency [AERM - HO39B]
To extinguish large-scale fuel fires, fluorosurfactant based foams (FSBFs) were developed in the 1960s and have been used ever since. In this study, 154 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) including 122 emerging PFASs used as surfactants in FSBFs were sought in nine different foam concentrates. Field investigations were also carried out in the vicinity of four sites where FSBFs are or were intensively used (two airports, a training center for firefighters and an oil storage depot after a large explosion). In the foam concentrates, only three PFASs were quantified with concentrations ranging from 22,500 to 3,188,000 mu g/L. Thirteen emerging PFASs were also identified in these samples based on their mass transitions and intensities. Overall, each foam was a mixture of at least two classes of PFASs. In three concentrates, none of the 122 emerging PFASs were identified as the main ingredient. A perfluoroalkyl acid precursor oxidation assay was therefore performed, and revealed the presence of high amounts of unidentified PFASs. In the vicinity of the four investigated sites, several PFASs were systematically quantified in all of the samples collected downstream of the sites. PFAS profiles were heavily influenced by parameters such as route of PFAS transport after use (runoff, seepage, direct discharge), time elapsed since the cessation of firefighting activities, and firefighting foam composition. The PFAS concentrations found around the investigated sites are the highest recorded in France and resulted in the closure of certain drinking water resources. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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