Acute treatment with copoazu fermented extract ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via eNOS activation

Our aim was to examine the effects of aqueous extracts of fermented (CFE) and non-fermented (CNFE) copoazu (fruit of Theobroma grandiflorum) seeds against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Isolated rat hearts were submitted to 30 min of global ischemia (GI) and 60 min of reperfusion (R). Other hearts received CFE or CNFE in absence or in presence of L-NAME (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). Infarct size (IS) and post-ischemic myocardial function (PMF) were measured. Lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH) and the expression of phosphorylated forms of eNOS, Akt, GSK-3 beta and PKC epsilon were assessed. The response of isolated mitochondria to Ca2+ (MR) was also determined. CFE but not CNFE decreased IS, increased PMF and the expression of P-eNOS, P-Akt, P-GSK-3 beta and P-PKC epsilon, partially preserved GSH and improved MR. These effects were lost in presence of L-NAME. These data demonstrate that the acute treatment with CFE protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion damage through NOS-dependent mechanisms. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.