期刊
CHEMOSPHERE
卷 184, 期 -, 页码 1310-1319出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.089
关键词
Non-targeted screening; GC-EI-ToF-MS; Bees; Pollen; Contaminants
资金
- National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation [RTA2013-00042-C10-01]
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology-INIA
This work presents a non-targeted screening approach for the detection and quantitation of contaminants in bees and pollen, collected from the same hive, by GC-EI-ToF-MS. It consists of a spectral library datasets search using a compound database followed by a manual investigation and analytical standard confirmation together with semi-quantitation purposes. Over 20% of the compounds found automatically by the library search could not be confirmed manually. This number of false positive detections was mainly a consequence of an inadequate ion ratio criterion (30%), not considered in the automatic searching procedure. Eight compounds were detected in bees and pollen. They include insecticides/acaricides (chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, fluvalinate-tau, chlorfenvinphos, pyridaben, and propyl cresol) at a concentration range of 1-1207 mu g kg(-1), herbicides (oxyfluorfen) at a concentration range of 212 -1773 mu g kg(-1) and a growth regulator hormone (methoprene). Some compounds were detected only in pollen; such as herbicides (clomazone), insecticides/acaricides and fungicides used to control Varroa mites as benzylbenzoate, bufencarb, allethrin, permethrin, eugenol and cyprodinil. Additional compounds were detected only in bees: flamprop-methyl, 2-methylphenol (2-49 mu g kg(-1)) and naphthalene (1-23 mu g kg(-1)). The proposed method presents important advantages as it can avoid the use of an unachievable number of analytical standards considered target compounds a priori but not present in the analyzed samples. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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