Time-Resolved Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis: Current Status, Challenges, and New Directions

Time-resolved analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data allows researchers to extract more information about brain function than traditional functional connectivity analysis, yet a number of challenges in data analysis and interpretation remain. This article briefly summarizes common methods for time-resolved analysis and presents some of the pressing issues and opportunities in the field. From there, the discussion moves to interpretation of the network dynamics observed with rs-fMRI and the role that rs-fMRI can play in elucidating the large-scale organization of brain activity.