Recent changes in the oxidized to reduced nitrogen ratio in atmospheric precipitation

In this study, the characteristics of precipitation in terms of various nitrogen forms (NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, N-organic, N-total) is presented. The samples were collected in the areas of different anthropogenic pressure (urban area vs. ecologically protected woodland area, similar to 30 km distant from each other; Wielkopolska region, Poland). Based on the N-ox and N-red emission profiles (N-ox/N-red ratio), temporal and spatial comparison was carried out. For both sites, during a decade of observation, more than 60% of samples had higher contribution of N-NH4+ than N-NO3-, the amount of N-NO2- was negligible, and organic nitrogen amounted to 30% of total nitrogen content which varied up to 16 mg/l. The precipitation events w ith high concentration of nitrogen species were investigated in terms of possible local and remote sources of nitrogen (synoptic meteorology), to indicate the areas which can act as potential sources of N-compounds. Based on the chemometric analysis, it was found that Nred implies Nox and vice versa, due to interactions between them in the atmosphere. Taking into account the analysis of precipitation occurring simultaneously in both locations (about 50% of all rainfall episodes), it was observed that such factor as anthropogenic pressure differentiates but does not determine the chemical composition of precipitation in the investigated areas (urban vs. woodland area; distance of similar to 30 km). Thermodynamics of the atmosphere had a significant impact on concentrations of N-NO3- and N-NH4+ in precipitation, as well as the circulation of air masses and remote N sources responsible for transboundary inflow of pollutants. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.