期刊
REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
卷 16, 期 4, 页码 337-348出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12049
关键词
chemical exposure; endocrine disrupting chemicals; fetal growth; heavy metals; pregnant women
资金
- Health Science Research Grant from the ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [16K16193, 15H02480, 15H01749] Funding Source: KAKEN
Purpose: Prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals is a growing concern, because such exposures have been shown to be associated with various diseases. The levels of chemicals and heavy metals in maternal blood, cord blood, maternal urine and amniotic fluid in Japanese pregnant women were investigated. Methods: A total of 145 women, including 14 fetal growth restriction cases, were included in the present study. The levels of phthalates (di[2-ethylhexyl]phthalate and mono[2-ethylhexyl] phthalate), perfluorinated compounds (perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorononanoic acid), pesticides (dimethylphosphate, dimethylthiophosphate, diethylphosphate, diethylthiophosphate, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, and octachlorodipropyl ether), bisphenol A, nicotine (nicotine, nornicotine, cotinine, norcotinine, and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine), polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and heavy metals were measured. The relationship between fetal growth and the levels of chemicals and heavy metals were investigated. Results: Phthalates, perfluorinated compounds, pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and heavy metals were detected in high frequency, whereas nicotine and bisphenol A were almost negative. Phthalates, perfluorinated compounds, and several heavy metals were transferred to the fetus. High perfluorononanoic acid levels in the maternal blood and cord blood, and low perfluorooctanoic acid level in the cord blood were significantly and negatively associated with fetal growth. Conclusions: The present study showed that pregnant women in Japan and their fetuses are exposed to a variety of chemicals and heavy metals.
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