期刊
CURRENT BIOLOGY
卷 27, 期 19, 页码 2984-+出版社
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.08.014
关键词
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资金
- NIH Director's New Innovator Award/PECASE [IDP20D017782-01]
- James S. McDonnell Foundation for Complex Systems Science [220020365]
- NIMH under a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award [F31MH102913]
- NINDS under a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award [F31NS100519]
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [1144469]
- NIH training grant [T32GM007616]
- Heritage Medical Research Institute
- HHMI [047-101]
Do all animals sleep? Sleep has been observed in many vertebrates, and there is a growing body of evidence for sleep-like states in arthropods and nematodes [1-5]. Here we show that sleep is also present in Cnidaria [6-8], an earlier-branching metazoan lineage. Cnidaria and Ctenophora are the first metazoan phyla to evolve tissue-level organization and differentiated cell types, such as neurons and muscle [9-15]. In Cnidaria, neurons are organized into a non-centralized radially symmetric nerve net [11, 13, 15-17] that nevertheless shares fundamental properties with the vertebrate nervous system: action potentials, synaptic transmission, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters [15-20]. It was reported that cnidarian soft corals [21] and box jellyfish [22, 23] exhibit periods of quiescence, a pre-requisite for sleep-like states, prompting us to ask whether sleep is present in Cnidaria. Within Cnidaria, the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea spp. displays a quantifiable pulsing behavior, allowing us to perform long-term behavioral tracking. Monitoring of Cassiopea pulsing activity for consecutive days and nights revealed behavioral quiescence at night that is rapidly reversible, as well as a delayed response to stimulation in the quiescent state. When deprived of nighttime quiescence, Cassiopea exhibited decreased activity and reduced responsiveness to a sensory stimulus during the subsequent day, consistent with homeostatic regulation of the quiescent state. Together, these results indicate that Cassiopea has a sleep-like state, supporting the hypothesis that sleep arose early in the metazoan lineage, prior to the emergence of a centralized nervous system.
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