期刊
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
卷 848, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9
关键词
gravitational waves; stars: neutron
资金
- Kavli Foundation
- Danish National Research Foundation
- Niels Bohr International Academy
- DARK Cosmology Centre
- NSF [AST-1518052, AST-141242, AST-1411763, AST-1714498, AST-1517649, PHY-1607291, AST-1412421, AST-1313484]
- Gordon AMP
- Betty Moore Foundation
- Heising-Simons Foundation
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
- DNRF
- UCMEXUS-CONACYT
- NASA - Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-HF-51348.001, HST-HF-51373.001]
- NASA [NAS5-26555, NNX15AE50G, NNX16AC22G, NAS5-00136, NNX08AR22G, NNX12AR65G, NNX14AM74G, NNX12AR55G, NNM13AA43C, NNM11AA01A, NNX15AE60G, PF6-170148, PF7-180162]
- INAF
- INFN
- ASI [I/028/12/2]
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France
- Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives (CEA), France
- Commission Europeenne (FEDER), France
- Commission Europeenne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
- IdEx, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, France [ANR-10-LABX-0023, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02]
- Labex OCEVU, France [ANR-11-LABX-0060]
- A*MIDEX, France [ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02]
- Region Ile-de-France (DIM-ACAV), France
- Region Alsace (CPER), France
- Region Provence-Alpes-Cite d'Azur, France
- Departement du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer, France
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy
- Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands
- Council of the President of the Russian Federation, Russia
- National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO): Plan Estatal de Investigacion (MINECO/FEDER), Spain [FPA2015-65150-C3-1-P, FPA2015-65150-C3-2-P, FPA2015-65150-C3-3-P]
- Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MINECO), Spain
- Prometeo program (Generalitat Valenciana), Spain
- Grisolia program (Generalitat Valenciana), Spain
- Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training, Morocco
- National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China [2013CB834901, 2013CB834900, 2013CB834903]
- Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation AMP
- Assessment Program [CHINARE2016-02-03-05]
- Tsinghua University
- Nanjing University
- Beijing Normal University
- University of New South Wales
- Texas AM University
- Australian Antarctic Division
- National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) of Australia
- Chinese Academy of Sciences through Center for Astronomical Mega-Science
- National Astronomical Observatory of China (NAOC)
- Argentina-Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica
- Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
- Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza
- Municipalidad de Malargue
- NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas
- Australia-the Australian Research Council
- Brazil-Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2010/07359-6, 1999/05404-3]
- Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC)
- Czech Republic [MSMT CR LG15014, LO1305, LM2015038, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402]
- France-Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Conseil Regional Ile-de-France
- Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS)
- Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS)
- Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) within Investissements d'Avenir Programme [LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63, ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02]
- Germany-Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg
- Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP)
- Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)
- Ministerium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen
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- Italy-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)
- Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR)
- CETEMPS Center of Excellence
- Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE)
- Mexico-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) [167733]
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM)
- PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM
- Netherlands - Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
- Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM)
- Poland-National Centre for Research and Development [ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11, ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11]
- National Science Centre [2013/08/M/ST9/00322, 2013/08/M/ST9/00728, HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198]
- Portugal-Portuguese national funds
- FEDER within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE)
- Romania-Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS
- CNDI-UEFISCDI [20/2012, 194/2012, PN 16 42 01 02]
- Slovenia-Slovenian Research Agency
- Spain-Comunidad de Madrid
- Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad
- Xunta de Galicia
- European Community 7th Framework Program [FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826]
- USA-Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107, DE-SC0011689]
- National Science Foundation [0450696]
- Grainger Foundation
- Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET
- European Particle Physics Latin American Network
- European Union 7th Framework Program [PIRSES-2009-GA-246806]
- European Union's Horizon research and innovation programme [646623]
- UNESCO
- Australian Research Council [FT150100099, FL15010014]
- Australian Research Council
- Australian Government
- Australian Government (NCRIS)
- Western Australian and Australian Governments
- National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics in 3D (ASTRO 3D) [CE170100013]
- Spanish Ministry [AYA 2015-71718-R]
- Junta de Andalucia Proyecto de Excelencia [TIC-2839]
- National Research Foundation [NRF-2015R1A2A1A01006870, DGE-1144469]
- Korea Basic Science Research Program [NRF2014R1A6A3A03057484, NRF-2015R1D1A4A01020961]
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (Mexico) through Laboratorios Nacionales Program (Mexico)
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA-CSIC, Spain)
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU, South Korea)
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO) [CE110001020]
- ARC LIEF from Australian Research Council [LE130100104]
- NASA
- ASI
- JAXA
- MEXT KAKENHI [JP 17H06362, JP26220708, JP17H02901, JP17H06363, JP15H00788, JP24103003, JP10147214, JP10147207]
- Chandra X-ray Observatory Center [GO7-18033X]
- National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) [NAS8-03060]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies (FRQNT)
- UKSA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)
- Indian Space Research Organisation
- European Unions Horizon research and innovation programme [653477]
- ESO [199.D-0143, 099.D-0376]
- DFG [HA 1850/28-1, Kl 766/16-3]
- EU/FP7-ERC [291222, 615929, 647208, 725161]
- STFC [ST/P000312/1]
- ERF [ST/M005348/1, ST/P000495/1]
- Marie Sklodowska-Curie [702538]
- Polish NCN [OPUS 2015/17/B/ST9/03167]
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- California Institute of Technology
- Alexander von Humboldt Sofja Kovalevskaja Award
- FONDECYT [3160504]
- US NSF [AST-1311862]
- Quantum Universe I-Core program
- Kimmel award
- IRC [GOIPG/2017/1525]
- Australian Research Council CAASTRO [CE110001020, FT160100028]
- Millennium Science Initiative [IC120009]
- NASA through Fermi-GBM
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) via Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) [50 QV 0301]
- Bundesministeriums fur Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) through DLR [50 OG 1101]
- Science Foundation Ireland [12/IP/1288]
- NASA (United States)
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- IN2P3/CNRS (France)
- ASI (Italy)
- INFN (Italy)
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- K.A. Wallenberg Foundation
- Swedish Research Council
- National Space Board (Sweden)
- INAF (Italy)
- CNES (France)
- DOE [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-C0147]
- National Science Foundation under University Radio Observatory [AST-1139963, AST-1139974]
- ESO Telescopes at the Paranal Observatory [099.D-0382, 099.D-0622, 099.D-0191, 099.D-0116]
- REM telescope at the ESO La Silla Observatory [35020]
- Department of University and Research (MIUR)
- Italian Space Agency (ASI)
- Autonomous Region of Sardinia (RAS)
- National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF)
- BIC [114332KYSB20160007]
- Hundred Talent Program
- Chinese Academy of Sciences [KJZD-EW-M06]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11673062]
- Oversea Talent Program of Yunnan Province
- STFC (Science and Technology Facilities Council)
- Slovenian Research Agency [P1-0188]
- Sorbonne Paris Cite [ANR-10-LABX-0023, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02]
- JSPS [15H05437]
- JST Consortia
- GROWTH (Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen) - National Science Foundation under PIRE [1545949]
- California Institute of Technology (USA)
- University of Maryland College Park (USA)
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (USA)
- Texas Tech University (USA)
- San Diego State University (USA)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (USA)
- Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan)
- National Central University (Taiwan)
- Indian Institute of Astrophysics (India)
- Inter-University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics (India)
- Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel)
- Oskar Klein Centre at Stockholm University (Sweden)
- Humboldt University (Germany)
- Liverpool John Moores University (UK)
- Planning and Budgeting Committee
- Israel Science Foundation
- Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation
- National Science Foundation CAREER [1455090]
- ERC grant TReX
- Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)
- NRL
- Oxford Centre for Astrophysical Surveys
- Hintze Family Charitable Foundation
- Swedish Research Council (V.R.)
- Israel Science Foundation, Minerva, Israeli ministry of Science
- US-Israel Binational Science Foundation
- I-CORE of the Planning and Budgeting Committee
- Swedish Research Council (VR) [2016 03657 3]
- Swedish National Space Board [Dnr. 107/16]
- Gravitational Radiation and Electromagnetic Astrophysical Transients (GREAT) - Swedish Research council (V.R.) [Dnr. 2016-06012]
- Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, India
- Indo-US Science and Technology Foundation
- US National Science Foundation (NSF)
- US Department of Energy Office of High-Energy Physics
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Mexico [271051, 232656, 167281, 260378, 179588, 239762, 254964, 271737, 258865, 243290]
- Red HAWC, Mexico
- DGAPA-UNAM [RG100414, IN111315, IN111716-3, IA102715, 109916]
- VIEP-BUAP
- University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
- Institute of Geophysics, Planetary Physics, and Signatures at Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Polish Science Centre [DEC-2014/13/B/ST9/945]
- German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF)
- Max Planck Society
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- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- French Ministry for Research
- CNRS-IN2P3
- Astroparticle Interdisciplinary Programme of the CNRS
- U.K. Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
- IPNP of the Charles University
- Czech Science Foundation
- Polish National Science Centre
- South African Department of Science and Technology
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- University of Namibia
- National Commission on Research, Science and Technology of Namibia (NCRST)
- Innsbruck University
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
- Austrian Federal Ministry for Science, Research and Economy
- University of Adelaide
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- University of Amsterdam
- EGI Federation
- China National Space Administration (CNSA)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) [XDB23040400]
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST) [2016YFA0400800]
- U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs
- U.S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division
- Grid Laboratory of Wisconsin (GLOW) grid infrastructure at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Open Science Grid (OSG) grid infrastructure
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
- Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- WestGrid and Compute/Calcul Canada
- Swedish Research Council, Sweden
- Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Sweden
- Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), Sweden
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden
- German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Germany
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany
- Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Germany
- Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Germany
- Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO)
- FWO Odysseus programme
- Flanders Institute
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo)
- Marsden Fund, New Zealand
- Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- Villum Fonden, Denmark
- Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark
- Russian Science Foundation [15-1230015, 14-22-00271]
- Science and Education Ministry of Kazakhstan [0075/GF4]
- RUSTAVELI [FR/379/6-300/14]
- ESA Denmark
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- ASI/INAF [2013-025-R.1]
- German INTEGRAL through DLR [50 OG 1101]
- Spanish MINECO/FEDER [ESP2015-65712-C5-1-R]
- RFBR [16-29-13009-ofi-m]
- JSPS KAKENHI [JP16H02183, JP15H02075, JP15H02069, JP26800103, JP25800103]
- Inter-University Cooperation Program of the MEXT
- NINS program
- Toyota Foundation [D11-R-0830]
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- NRF [2017R1A3A3001362]
- KASI [2017-1-830-03]
- Israel Science Foundation [541/17]
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- Conselleria d'Educacio i Universitat del Govern de les Illes Balears
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- Leverhulme Trust
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- KAKENHI [JP 17H06362]
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- NWO TOP [62002444-Nissanke]
- VISIR [60.A-9392]
- [MOST104-2923-M-008-004-MY5]
- [MOST106-2112-M-008-007]
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/P000312/1, ST/P000495/1, 1654298, ST/L000962/1 Gravitational Waves, ST/I006285/1 Gravitational Waves, ST/L000342/1 Gravitational Waves, 1096295, ST/K005014/2, ST/P000584/1, ST/P000770/1, 1802894, ST/N005430/1, ST/I000887/1, ST/I006285/1, ST/N000072/1, ST/I006242/1, 1785610, ST/J000345/1 Gravitational Waves, ST/K000845/1, ST/L000733/1, ST/M004090/2, ST/G504284/1, ST/M004090/1, ST/N000668/1, 1653071, ST/P000649/1, ST/N005406/1, ST/M000966/1, ST/N000080/1, ST/J00166X/1, ST/H002006/1, ST/N005716/1, ST/F500972/1, ST/J001465/1, PP/F001096/1, ST/N000811/1, ST/L000954/1, ST/J000345/1, ST/J000019/1, ST/J000507/1, ST/I006269/1 Gravitational Waves, ST/M005844/1, ST/N000633/1, ST/I001085/1, ST/L000962/1, ST/L003465/1, ST/N005422/1, ST/M006735/1, ST/J000361/1, ST/K005014/1, ST/L00061X/1, ST/J000019/1 Gravitational Waves, ST/L000946/1, ST/N000927/1, ST/L000474/1, ST/F007159/1, ST/H008438/1, PPA/G/S/2002/00652, ST/N000064/1, Gravitational Waves, ST/P000258/1, 1507817, ST/N005406/2, ST/N00003X/1, ST/I006269/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- UK Space Agency [ST/P002196/1, ST/P002323/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Villum Fonden [00013161] Funding Source: researchfish
- Russian Science Foundation [15-12-30016] Funding Source: Russian Science Foundation
- Swedish Research Council [2016-03657] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
- ESRC [ES/N013956/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- STFC [ST/J000361/1, 1654298, ST/F500972/1, 1653089, ST/P000584/1, ST/P000770/1, ST/I006269/1, ST/I000887/1, ST/N000633/1, ST/M005844/1, ST/M000931/1, ST/I006285/1, ST/P000525/1, ST/N005406/2, Gravitational Waves, ST/M004090/2, ST/M005348/1, ST/N005406/1, ST/G504284/1, ST/J001465/1, ST/K000845/1, ST/L000474/1, ST/H008438/1, ST/H001581/1, ST/M004090/1, 1785610, ST/I001085/1, ST/M003574/1, ST/I006242/1, ST/I000976/1, PP/F001096/1, ST/L000954/1, ST/J000019/1, ST/J000345/1, ST/J00166X/1, ST/R001170/1, ST/L006529/1, ST/K005014/2, ST/N001087/1, ST/N000757/1, ST/L00061X/1, ST/L000946/1, ST/N005716/1, ST/P00038X/1, ST/N000811/1, ST/N000072/1, ST/P000258/1, 1653071, ST/N000064/1, ST/M001334/1, PPA/G/S/2002/00652, ST/N00003X/1, ST/L000733/1, ST/P000312/1, ST/N000668/1, ST/L000962/1, 1802894, ST/P000495/1, ST/M006735/1, ST/L003465/1, ST/J000507/1, ST/N005430/1, ST/P000649/1, ST/H002006/1, ST/N000080/1, ST/F007159/1, ST/K005014/1, ST/N005422/1, 2142081, ST/L000652/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Direct For Education and Human Resources
- Division Of Human Resource Development [1242090] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences [1153335, 1238877, 1517030] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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- Division Of Astronomical Sciences
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- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1607709, 1607520, 1506486, 1607291, 1404139, 1505296, 1606566, 1430152, 1506145, 1505230, 1104371] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [1541396] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure (OAC)
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- Office of Integrative Activities [1458952] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office Of The Director
- Office Of Internatl Science &Engineering [1545949] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- European Research Council (ERC) [647208] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
- Irish Research Council (IRC) [GOIPG/2017/1525] Funding Source: Irish Research Council (IRC)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [15H02062, 15H02075, 16K05301, 17H02901, 17K05384, 26220708, 16K17672, 17J06407, 15H05440, 15H02069, 17H06357, 16H02174, 16K17667, 15H05437, 16H05732, 17H06363, 15H02082, 17J09016] Funding Source: KAKEN
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [702538] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of similar to 1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg(2) at a luminosity distance of 40(-8)(+8) Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 M-circle dot. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at similar to 40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One-Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over similar to 10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient's position similar to 9 and similar to 16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta.
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