期刊
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
卷 169, 期 -, 页码 140-149出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.040
关键词
Transmissometry; Particulate matter; Household energy; Biomass; Short term climate pollutants; Climate change
资金
- United Nations Foundation's Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves [PR-15-39777, UNF-12-404]
- Die Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH [81172396]
- SNV Netherlands [1111044]
Black carbon (BC) emissions from household cookstoves consuming solid fuel produce approximately 25 percent of total anthropogenic BC emissions. The short atmospheric lifetime of BC means that reducing BC emissions would result in a faster climate response than mitigating CO2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases. This study presents the results of optical BC measurements of two new cookstove emissions field assessments and 17 archived cookstove datasets. BC was determined from attenuation of 880 nm light, which is strongly absorbed by BC, and linearly related between 1 and 125 attenuation units. A relationship was experimentally determined correlating BC mass deposition on quartz filters determined via thermal optical analysis (TOA) and on PTFE and quartz filters using transmissometry, yielding an attenuation cross-section (sigma(ATN)) for both filter media types. sigma(ATN) relates TOA measurements to optical measurements on PTFE and quartz (sigma(ATN(PTFE)) = 13.7 cm(-2) mu g, R-2 = 0.87, sigma(ATN(Quartz)) = 15.6 cm(-2) mu g, R-2 = 0.87). These filter-specific sigma(ATN), optical measurements of archived filters were used to determine BC emission factors and the fraction of particulate matter (PM) in the form of black carbon (BC/PM). The 19 stoves measured fell into five stove classes; simple wood, rocket, advanced biomass, simple charcoal, and advanced charcoal. Advanced biomass stoves include forced- and natural-draft gasifiers which use wood or biomass pellets as fuel. Of these classes, the simple wood and rocket stoves demonstrated the highest median BC emission factors, ranging from 0.051 to 0.14 g MJ(-1). The lowest BC emission factors were seen in charcoal stoves, which corresponds to the generally low PM emission factors observed during charcoal combustion, ranging from 0.0084 to 0.014 g MJ(-1). The advanced biomass stoves generally showed an improvement in BC emissions factors compared to simple wood and rocket stoves, ranging from 0.0031 to 0.071 g MJ(-1). BC/PM ratios were highest for the advanced and rocket stoves. Potential relative climate impacts were estimated by converting aerosol emissions to CO2-equivalent, and suggest that some advanced stove/fuel combinations could provide substantial climate benefits. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据