期刊
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
卷 166, 期 2, 页码 351-365出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4408-0
关键词
Breast cancer; Blacks; Subtype; Triple-negative breast cancer; BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations; GLOBOCAN; Cancer therapy; Ganoderma; Alternative treatment strategies; Africa; African Americans
类别
资金
- Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation (CBCF)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
- Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation (SHRF)
- Lisa Rendall Breast Cancer Graduate Student Scholarship
- Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS)
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)
- Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. GLOBOCAN estimated about 1.7 million new cases of breast cancer diagnoses worldwide and about 522,000 deaths in 2012. The burden of breast cancer mortality lies in the developing low-income and middle-income countries, where about 70% of such deaths occur. The incidence of breast cancer is also rising in low-income and middle-income countries in Africa as trend towards urbanization, and adoption of Western lifestyles increases. In general, the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype tends to be frequent in women of African ancestry. What are the factors contributing to this prevalence? Are there genetic predispositions to TNBC in African women? This review addresses these questions and provides an update on the incidence, survival, and mortality of breast cancer in Africans, with a focus on sub-Saharan Africans. We have also addressed factors that could account for ethical disparities in incidence and mortality. Further, we have highlighted challenges associated with access to essential drug and to healthcare treatment in some African countries and outlined alternative/herbal treatment methods that are increasingly implemented in Africa and other developing nations.
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