Mussel-mimetic hydrogels with defined cross-linkers achieved via controlled catechol dimerization exhibiting tough adhesion for wet biological tissues

The engineering of catechol-based hydrogels to bind to wet biological tissues with high adhesion energy remains a challenge. Herein, fast quinone-nucleophile coupling and dynamic boronate ester bond were used to enhance the interfacial adhesion and bulk cohesion of our dual-crosslinked hydrogels, respectively, for fabricating mussel-mimetic tough adhesives.