期刊
UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY-SEMINARS AND ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS
卷 35, 期 3, 页码 102-110出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.12.002
关键词
Renal cellcarcinoma; Resistance; Angiogenesis; Immunotherapy; mTOR
资金
- Urology Care Foundation Research Scholar Award
- NCI, United States [K24 CA172355]
- Cancer Research Institute postdoctoral fellowship
- Brock Family Foundation
Background:Renal cell cancer (RCC) is a prevalent and lethal disease. At time of diagnosis, most patients present with localized disease. For these patients, the standard of care includes nephrectomy with close monitoring thereafter. While many patients will be cured, 5-year recurrence rates range from 30% to 60%. Furthermore, nearly one-third of patients present with metastatic disease at time of diagnosis. Metastatic disease is rarely curable and typically lethal. Cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation alone are incapable of controlling the disease. Extensive effort was expended in the development of cytokine therapies but response rates remain low. Newer agents targeting angiogenesis and mTOR signaling emerged in the 2000s and revolutionized patient care. While these agents improve progression free survival, the development of resistance is nearly universal. A new era of immunotherapy is now emerging, led by the checkpoint inhibitors. However, therapeutic resistance remains a complex issue that is likely to persist. Methods and Purpose:In this review, we systematically evaluate preclinical research and clinical trials that address resistance to the primary RCC therapies, including anti-angiogenesis agents, mTOR inhibitors, and immunotherapies. As clear cell RCC is the most common adult kidney cancer and has been the focus of most studies, it will be the focus of this review. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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