期刊
ADVANCED MATERIALS
卷 29, 期 45, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703155
关键词
bioinspiration; freeze casting; nacre; structural materials
类别
资金
- Excellent Young Scientist Foundation of NSFC [51522301]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21273017, 51103004]
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET120034]
- Fok YingTong Education Foundation [141045]
- 111 Project [B14009]
- Aeronautical Science Foundation of China [20145251035, 2015ZF21009]
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University [LK1508]
- State Key Laboratory of OrganicInorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology [oic201701007]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [YWF-16-BJJ09, YWF17BJJ33]
Nature is very successful in designing strong and tough, lightweight materials. Examples include seashells, bone, teeth, fish scales, wood, bamboo, silk, and many others. A distinctive feature of all these materials is that their properties are far superior to those of their constituent phases. Many of these natural materials are lamellar or layered in nature. With its brick and mortar structure, nacre is an example of a layered material that exhibits extraordinary physical properties. Finding inspiration in living organisms to create bioinspired materials is the subject of intensive research. Several processing techniques have been proposed to design materials mimicking natural materials, such as layer-by-layer deposition, self-assembly, electrophoretic deposition, hydrogel casting, doctor blading, and many others. Freeze casting, also known as ice-templating, is a technique that has received considerable attention in recent years to produce bioinspired bulk materials. Here, recent advances in the freeze-casting technique are reviewed for fabricating lamellar scaffolds by assembling different dimensional building blocks, including nanoparticles, polymer chains, nanofibers, and nanosheets. These lamellar scaffolds are often infiltrated by a second phase, typically a soft polymer matrix, a hard ceramic matrix, or a metal matrix. The unique architecture of the resultant bioinspired structural materials displays excellent mechanical properties. The challenges of the current research in using the freeze-casting technique to create materials large enough to be useful are also discussed, and the technique's promise for fabricating high-performance nacre-inspired structural materials in the future is reviewed.
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