Prevalence and Risk Factors of BK Viremia in Patients With Kidney Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience From Turkey

Background. BK virus is the cause of nephropathy, which can progress to graft loss after kidney transplantation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of BK viremia in patients with kidney transplantation at our center. Methods. This was a retrospective single-center study. We included recipients transplanted between 2010 and 2015. Patients were stratified according to BK virus DNA follow-up values into three groups (0-999 copies/mL, 1000-9999 copies/mL and >= 10,000 copies/mL). The parametric t test and the non-parametric chi(2) test were used to detect differences between groups. Multivariate analysis was used to identify risk factors for BK viremia. Results. One hundred eighty-three patients were included in the study, with mean follow-up time of 33.6 +/- 14.9 months. BK viremia prevalence was found 15.8% (n = 29), and time to detection of viremia was 7.6 months. Cadaveric transplantation and matching human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A24 and HLA B55 subgroups were found to be independent risk factors for BK viremia [odds ratio (OR), 3.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.42-9.39; P <.001; OR, 4.94; 95% CI, 1.84-13.2; P <.001 and OR, 14.03; 95% CI, 1.07-183.5; P =.04, respectively]. Risk factors for BKV level >= 10,000 copies/mL cadaveric transplantation, male sex, and HLA A24 matching (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 1.49-13.7; P <.001; OR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.11-10.86; P =.03 and OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.08-12.1; P =.03, respectively). Conclusions. Patients should be followed more carefully for BK viremia who have cadaveric transplantation, are male, and have matching in certain HLA groups, which were independent risk factors in the present study. Our results are important to individualize screening methods and provide early diagnosis in our country.