Antimicrobial silver nanoparticles - regulatory situation in the European Union

Nanosilver is one of the most prominent nanomaterials, resulting from its capability to fight germs like bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Those germs cause nosocomial infections, food poisoning, material deterioration, food and feed spoilage. In the present review, we give insights into antimicrobial silver nanoparticles from a regulatory point of view. Silver nanoparticles release silver ions, which act as the biocidal substance. This mode of action makes it difficult for regulators to judge the risk effects related to silver nanoparticles. In this article the present situation concerning nanosilver (as a silver ion releasing technology) - state of the art, toxicological effects and risk assessment is discussed. Finally, the benefits of using silver nanoparticles in consumer products are compared to regulatory challenges in bringing such products on the market. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd.