Numerical Study on the Influence of Operational Settings on Refuse Derived Fuel Co-firing in Cement Rotary Kilns

Cement production in rotary kilns requires large amounts of thermal energy, which is provided by combustion of different fuels. Substitution of fossil fuels by refuse derived fuels (RDF) can minimize production costs and reduce CO2 emissions, but often causes displacement of the sintering zone, impacts flame stability and cement quality. The current paper briefly introduces our numerical approach which describes particle motion and combustion characteristics of typical non-spherical RDF particles. By using these models in CFD simulations, a case study is presented. Fuel properties, primary- and secondary air settings and fuel feed location for a generic rotary kiln of industrial scale are varied to show the effects of operational settings on co-firing of RDF. Shift of flame shape and location as well as particle burnout are analyzed. Based on the information generated, optimized operational settings are identified and discussed. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.