Potential of Si-doped boron nitride nanotubes as a highly active and metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction: A DFT study

In order to develop and industrialize fuel cells, using inexpensive and highly efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) is desirable. In this work, by means of density functional theory calculations, Si-embedded boron nitride nanotubes (Si-BNNTs) are used as a metal-free, low cost, and high-performance electrocatalyst for ORR. There are two probable substitution sites for Si-BNNTs, i.e. a boron site (Si-B) or a nitrogen site (Si-N). So, the mechanism of ORR over both these surfaces is studied in detail. Our results indicate that Si-B-BNNT have an outstanding catalytic activity toward the reduction of oxygen. Generally, the ORR consists of four H+ + e(-) steps over Si-BNNTs. The negative values of free energies which are decreased in each step suggest that this four-electron transformation reaction is thermodynamically favorable at room temperature. Comparing the calculated energy barriers indicates that the Si-B-BNNT could catalyze the ORR more effectively than Si-N-BNNT. These results are significant because they give further insight into the ORR mechanism on the metal-free heteroatom doped BN materials and open a new way to fabricate low-cost materials with high electrocatalytic activity for fuel cell applications. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.