Nanopipettes as a tool for single nanoparticle electrochemistry

Nanopipettes provide a tool to reduce sample volumes to an extent that the behavior of single entities becomes apparent and, as we discuss here, enable measurement of the electrochemical behavior of single nanoparticles. For example, nanopipettes allow the electrocatalytic activity of individual nanoparticles to be measured in isolation and they also allow the dynamic motion of single nanoparticles near interfaces to be measured. This review highlights exemplar works from the previous 2 years on the different ways in which nanopipettes have been used to probe single nanoparticle electrochemistry.