期刊
STAT
卷 6, 期 1, 页码 292-302出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/sta4.150
关键词
sample surveys; spatial statistics; statistical graphics; visualization
资金
- US National Science Foundation (NSF)
- US Census Bureau under NSF grant through the NSF-Census Research Network (NCRN) program [SES-1132031]
In statistics, we quantify uncertainty to help determine the accuracy of estimates, yet this crucial piece of information is rarely included on maps visualizing areal data estimates. We develop and present three approaches to include uncertainty on maps: (1) the bivariate choropleth map repurposed to visualize uncertainty; (2) the pixelation of counties to include values within an estimate's margin of error; and (3) the rotation of a glyph, located at a county's centroid, to represent an estimate's uncertainty. The second method is presented as both a static map and visuanimation. We use American Community Survey estimates and their corresponding margins of error to demonstrate the methods and highlight the importance of visualizing uncertainty in areal data. An extensive online supplement provides the R code necessary to produce the maps presented in this article as well as alternative versions of them. Copyright (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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