Calixarene bulk modified screen-printed electrodes (SPCCEs) as a one-shot disposable sensor for the simultaneous detection of lead(II), copper(II) and mercury(II) ions: Application to environmental samples

Calixarene bulk modified screen-printed electrodes (SPCCEs) have been designed, fabricated and utilized as one-shot disposable electrochemical sensors towards the simultaneous measurement of toxic metal ions lead(II), copper(II) and mercury(II) within environmental samples. These SPCCEs have been fabricated upon polyester strips, which have been modified over a range of different calixarene compositions. These bespoke sensors have been utilized as disposable electrochemical sensors and quantified in model aqueous solution of 0.1 M HCI giving rise to the simultaneous sensing of lead(II), copper(II) and mercury(II) using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry techniques. These SPCCEs have additionally been applied for the sensing of lead(II), copper(II) and mercury(II) within industrial and environmental samples such as industrial effluents and wastewater samples, furthermore the presented method has been subjected to a comprehensive interference study and further validated with an atomic absorption spectrometric method. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.