期刊
SENSORS
卷 17, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s17081889
关键词
airborne gamma-ray spectrometry; low-cost GNSS; barometric sensors; radar altimeter; IMU
资金
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) through ITALian RADioactivity project (ITALRAD)
- Theoretical Astroparticle Physics (TAsP) research network
- Geological and Seismic Survey of the Umbria Region (UMBRIARAD)
- University of Ferrara (Fondo di Ateneo per la Ricerca scientifica FAR)
- Project Agroalimentare Idrointelligente [CUP D92I16000030009]
- MIUR (Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca)
Flight height is a fundamental parameter for correcting the gamma signal produced by terrestrial radionuclides measured during airborne surveys. The frontiers of radiometric measurements with UAV require light and accurate altimeters flying at some 10 m from the ground. We equipped an aircraft with seven altimetric sensors (three low-cost GNSS receivers, one inertial measurement unit, one radar altimeter and two barometers) and analyzed similar to 3 h of data collected over the sea in the (35-2194) m altitude range. At low altitudes (H < 70 m) radar and barometric altimeters provide the best performances, while GNSS data are used only for barometer calibration as they are affected by a large noise due to the multipath from the sea. The similar to 1 m median standard deviation at 50 m altitude affects the estimation of the ground radioisotope abundances with an uncertainty less than 1.3%. The GNSS double-difference post-processing enhanced significantly the data quality for H > 80 m in terms of both altitude median standard deviation and agreement between the reconstructed and measured GPS antennas distances. Flying at 100 m the estimated uncertainty on the ground total activity due to the uncertainty on the flight height is of the order of 2%.
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