期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
卷 22, 期 16, 页码 12501-12510出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4516-5
关键词
BMAA; Cyanobacteria; Cyanotoxins; Estuaries; Mussel; Neurotoxins; North Atlantic
资金
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the project PharmAtlantic-Atlantic Area Operational Programme (Interreg IVB transnational grant) [2009-1/117]
- Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal (FCT) [PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2013, SFRH/BPD/44373/2008]
- project MARBIOTECH [NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000047]
- North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (ON.2 - O Novo Norte), under the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF), ERDF
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE-Operational Competitiveness Programme
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BPD/44373/2008] Funding Source: FCT
To determine whether 2-amino-3-methylaminopropanoic acid (BMAA) could be taken up by marine organisms from seawater or their diet mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, collected from the North Atlantic Portuguese shore, were exposed to seawater doped with BMAA standard (for up to 48 h) or fed with cyanobacteria (for up to 15 days). Mussels were able to uptake BMAA when exposed to seawater. Mussels fed with cyanobacteria Synechocystis salina showed a rise in BMAA concentration during feeding and a decline in concentration during the subsequent depuration period. Cells from the gills and hepatopancreas of mussels fed with S. salina showed lessened metabolic activity in mussels fed for longer periods of time. A hot acidic digestion (considered to account for total BMAA) was compared with a proteolytic digestion, using pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin. The latter was able to extract from mussels approximately 30 % of total BMAA. Implications for BMAA trophic transfers in marine ecosystems are discussed.
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