期刊
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
卷 52, 期 4, 页码 381-394出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1304355
关键词
Chromosome replication; DNA damage; SUMO; Srs2 and RecQ helicases; SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase; Esc2; MMS22-TONSL; postreplicative chromatin
资金
- Italian Association for Cancer Research [AIRC IG 18976]
- European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant [682190]
- ETN-MarieCurie-Syntrain [722729]
- FIRC
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [722729] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
- European Research Council (ERC) [682190] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
The complete and faithful duplication of the genome is an essential prerequisite for proliferating cells to maintain genome integrity. This objective is greatly challenged by DNA damage encountered during replication, which causes fork stalling and in certain cases, fork breakage. DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathways mitigate the effects on fork stability induced by replication fork stalling by mediating damage-bypass and replication fork restart. These DDT mechanisms, largely relying on homologous recombination (HR) and specialized polymerases, can however contribute to genome rearrangements and mutagenesis. There is a profound connection between replication and recombination: recombination proteins protect replication forks from nuclease-mediated degradation of the nascent DNA strands and facilitate replication completion in cells challenged by DNA damage. Moreover, in case of fork collapse and formation of double strand breaks (DSBs), the recombination factors present or recruited to the fork facilitate HR-mediated DSB repair, which is primarily error-free. Disruption of HR is inexorably linked to genome instability, but the premature activation of HR during replication often leads to genome rearrangements. Faithful replication necessitates the downregulation of HR and disruption of active RAD51 filaments at replication forks, but upon persistent fork stalling, building up of HR is critical for the reorganization of the replication fork and for filling-in of the gaps associated with discontinuous replication induced by DNA lesions. Here we summarize and reflect on our understanding of the mechanisms that either suppress recombination or locally enhance it during replication, and the principles that underlie this regulation.
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