Intelligent materials: a review of applications in 4D printing

Purpose - The paper aims to promote the development of intelligent materials and the 4D printing technology by introducing recent advances and applications of additive layered manufacturing (ALM) technology of intelligent materials and the development of the 4D printing technology. Also, an arm-type ALM technology of shape memory polymer (SMP) with thermosetting polyurethane is briefly introduced. Design/methodology/approach - This paper begins with an overview of the development and applications of intelligent materials around the world and the 4D printing technology. Then, the authors provide a brief outline of their research on arm-type ALM technology of SMP with thermosetting polyurethane. Findings - The paper provides the recent developments and applications of intelligent materials and 4D printing technology. Then, it is suggested that intelligent materials mixed with different functional materials will be developed, and these types of materials will be more suitable for 4D printing. Originality/value - This paper overviews the current developments and applications of intelligent materials and its use in 4D printing technology, and briefly states the authors' research on arm-type ALM technology of SMP with thermosetting polyurethane.