期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 586, 期 -, 页码 355-361出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.023
关键词
Diet; Facultative scavengers; Fluoroquinolones; Medicated livestock; Top predators; Supplementary feeding
资金
- Spanish Ministerio of Economia y Competitividad [CGL2009-12753-C02-01/BOS, CGL2010-15726]
Wildlife exposure to pharmaceuticals can occur through contaminated water, and through the excreta and carcasses of medicated livestock, with potential for bioaccumulation and transfer through food webs. We evaluated whether nestling exposure to pharmaceuticals can occur from food delivered to nests in the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), a top predator and facultative scavenger. Despite the fact that diet analysis suggests an apparently low dependence on livestock carcasses reduced to two piglets remains (1.5% of food remains, n = 134), a high proportion of nestlings (71%, n = 7) showed fluoroquinolone residues in plasma, mostly enrofldxacin, which is exclusively used in veterinary treatments. The occurrence and concentration (54.5 +/- 6.6 mu g. L-1) of fluoroquinolones in plasma was similar to those found in the nestlings of three vulture species largely dependent on livestock carcasses obtained at supplementary feeding stations, which are managed for the conservation of their populations. Although the number of analysed eaglets is comparatively small, the fact that enrofloxacin was found in all nests sampled in three breeding seasons suggest an exposure to the drugs similar to that of vultures. An underestimation of the role of carrion, especially from small piglets whose consumption may have gone unnoticed, and the predation of semi-domestic prey and generalist prey exploiting carcasses of medicated livestock, can contribute to explaining the unexpectedly high occurrence of these drugs in eaglets. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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