期刊
SCIENCE
卷 357, 期 6347, 页码 187-190出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aan2735
关键词
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资金
- European Union [696656, 307806]
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- project GRASP [FP7-ICT-2013-613024-GRASP]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [SEV-2015-0522, MAT-2015-65525-R]
- Fundacio Cellex Barcelona
- CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya
- Mineco [RYC-2012-12281, FIS2013-47161-P, FIS2014-59639-JIN]
- Government of Catalonia through the SGR [2014-SGR-1535]
- ERC [715496]
- Elemental Strategy Initiative by the MEXT, Japan
- JSPS KAKENHI [JP26248061, JP15K21722, JP25106006]
- U. S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0662]
- Department of Defense, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship [32 CFR 168a]
- U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-SC0012704]
- Flemish Science Foundation (FWO-Vl)
- [FIS2014-60195-JIN]
- [FA9550-11-C-0028]
- European Research Council (ERC) [715496] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
The response of electron systems to electrodynamic fields that change rapidly in space is endowed by unique features, including an exquisite spatial nonlocality. This can reveal much about the materials' electronic structure that is invisible in standard probes that use gradually varying fields. Here, we use graphene plasmons, propagating at extremely slow velocities close to the electron Fermi velocity, to probe the nonlocal response of the graphene electron liquid. The near-field imaging experiments reveal a parameter-free match with the full quantum description of the massless Dirac electron gas, which involves three types of nonlocal quantum effects: single-particle velocity matching, interaction-enhanced Fermi velocity, and interaction-reduced compressibility. Our experimental approach can determine the full spatiotemporal response of an electron system.
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