期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
卷 50, 期 2, 页码 961-969出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03966
关键词
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资金
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through project Integra-Coast [CGL-2014-56530-C4-1-R]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through project Nano-Tranfer [PCIN-2015-182-C02-01]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through project NET-SCARCE [CTM2015-69780 REDC]
- Generalitat de Catalunya [2014 SGR 418]
At present, there is a lack of understanding of the combined ecotoxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials and co-contaminants. In this paper, we report on the toxicity of three carbon nanomaterials (fullerene-soot, multiwall carbon nanotubes, and graphene). Two standardized toxicity bioassays, the immobilization of the invertebrate Daphnia magna and the bioluminescence inhibition of the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri, have been used. Synergistic and antagonistic effects of binary mixtures composed of fullerene soot and organic co-contaminants as malathion, glyphosate, diuron, triclosan, and nonylphenol were assessed. The isobologram method was used to evaluate the concentrations producing an effect, in comparison to those effects expected by a simple additive approach. In this study, antagonism was the predominant effect. However, synergism was also observed as in the case of D. magna exposed to mixtures of malathion and fullerene soot. D. magna was shown to be the most sensitive assay when carbon nanomaterials were present. Toxicity to D. magna was as follows: fullerene soot > multiwall carbon nanotubes > graphene. These results were proportional to the size of aggregates, smaller aggregates being the most toxic. The vector function of nanomaterials aggregates and the unexpected release inside living organisms was proven for malathion. These results highlight new insights on the risks associated with the release of carbon nanomaterials into the environment.
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