The Greater Caucasus Glacier Inventory (Russia, Georgia and Azerbaijan)

There have been numerous studies of glaciers in the Greater Caucasus, but none that have generated a modern glacier database across the whole mountain range. Here, we present an updated and expanded glacier inventory at three time periods (1960, 1986, 2014) covering the entire Greater Caucasus. Large-scale topographic maps and satellite imagery (Corona, Landsat 5, Landsat 8 and ASTER) were used to conduct a remote-sensing survey of glacier change, and the 30m resolution Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM; 17 November 2011) was used to determine the aspect, slope and height distribution of glaciers. Glacier margins were mapped manually and reveal that in 1960 the mountains contained 2349 glaciers with a total glacier surface area of 1674.9 +/- 70.4 km(2). By 1986, glacier surface area had decreased to 1482.1 +/- 64.4 km(2) (2209 glaciers), and by 2014 to 1193.2 +/- 54.0 km(2) (2020 glaciers). This represents a 28.8 +/- 4.4% (481 +/- 21.2 km(2)) or 0.53% yr(-1) reduction in total glacier surface area between 1960 and 2014 and an increase in the rate of area loss since 1986 (0.69% yr(-1)) compared to 1960-1986 (0.44% yr(-1)). Glacier mean size decreased from 0.70 km(2) in 1960 to 0.66 km(2) in 1986 and to 0.57 km(2) in 2014. This new glacier inventory has been submitted to the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) database and can be used as a basis data set for future studies.