Micro(nano)plastics: A threat to human health?

The presence and effects of plastic debris is increasingly investigated. The majority of studies focuses on microplastics (MPs), but few reports suggest that plastic fragments in the <100 nm size range, referred to as nanoplastics (NPs), may also be formed in the aquatic environment and further to humans. This paper provides a review on routes of human exposure and potential effects of MPs and NPs to human health. MPs/NPs could potentially induce: physical damages through particles itself, and biological stress through MPs/NPs alone or leaching of additives (inorganic and organic). Future research should evaluate trophic transfer of MPs/NPs with their associated chemicals through the marine food web.