期刊
REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA
卷 39, 期 1, 页码 72-83出版社
ASSOC BRASILEIRA PSIQUIATRIA
DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1895
关键词
Innate fear; panic attacks; prey versus snakes paradigms; polygonal arenas for snakes; elevated plus-maze test; elevated T-maze test
类别
资金
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2012/03798-0]
- Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tecnologico (CNPq) [470119/2004-7]
- Fundacao de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistencia do HC-FMRP-USP (FAEPA) [1291/97, 355/2000, 68/2001, 15/2003]
- Pro-Rectory of Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP) (IaPQ) [NAP-USP-NuPNE-156]
- FAPESP (TT-2) [02/01497-1]
- CNPq [501858/2005-9, 500896/2008-9, 505461/2010-2]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [12/03798-0] Funding Source: FAPESP
Objective: To compare prey and snake paradigms performed in complex environments to the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and T-maze (ETM) tests for the study of panic attack-and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. Methods: PubMed was reviewed in search of articles focusing on the plus maze test, EPM, and ETM, as well as on defensive behaviors displayed by threatened rodents. In addition, the authors' research with polygonal arenas and complex labyrinth (designed by the first author for confrontation between snakes and small rodents) was examined. Results: The EPM and ETM tests evoke anxiety/fear-related defensive responses that are pharmacologically validated, whereas the confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas with or without shelters or in the complex labyrinth offers ethological conditions for studying more complex defensive behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs. Prey vs. predator paradigms also allow discrimination between non-oriented and oriented escape behavior. Conclusions: Both EPM and ETM simple labyrinths are excellent apparatuses for the study of anxietyand instinctive fear-related responses, respectively. The confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas, however, offers a more ethological environment for addressing both unconditioned and conditioned fear-induced behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs.
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