Monitoring Interest in Herpes Zoster Vaccination: Analysis of Google Search Data

Background: A new recombinant subunit vaccine for herpes zoster (HZ or shingles) was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration on October 20, 2017 and is expected to replace the previous live attenuated vaccine. There have been low coverage rates with the live attenuated vaccine (Zostavax), ranging from 12-32% of eligible patients receiving the HZ vaccine. Objective: This study aimed to provide insight into trends and potential reasons for interest in HZ vaccination. Methods: Internet search data were queried from the Google Health application programming interface from 2004-2017. Seasonality of normalized search volume was analyzed using wavelets and Fisher's g test. Results: The search terms shingles vaccine, zoster vaccine, and zostavax all exhibited significant periodicity in the fall months (P<.001), with sharp increases after recommendations for vaccination by public health-related organizations. Although the terms shingles blisters, shingles itch, shingles rash, skin rash, and shingles medicine exhibited statistically significant periodicities with a seasonal peak in the summer (P<.001), the terms shingles contagious, shingles pain, shingles treatment, and shingles symptoms did not reveal an annual trend. Conclusions: There may be increased interest in HZ vaccination during the fall and after public health organization recommendations are broadcast. This finding points to the possibility that increased awareness of the vaccine through public health announcements could be evaluated as a potential intervention for increasing vaccine coverage.