期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
卷 205, 期 -, 页码 240-249出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.05.045
关键词
Unionised ammonia; Freshwater ecosystems; Safety extrapolation factor; Acute-to-chronic ratio; Water quality guidelines
资金
- Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR Government via a General Research Fund [HKU 703511P]
Unionised ammonia (NH3) is highly toxic to freshwater organisms. Yet, most of the available toxicity data on NH3 were predominantly generated from temperate regions, while toxicity data on NH3 derived from tropical species were limited. To address this issue, we first conducted standard acute toxicity tests on NH3 using ten tropical freshwater species. Subsequently, we constructed a tropical species sensitivity distribution (SSD) using these newly generated toxicity data and available tropical toxicity data of NH3, which was then compared with the corresponding temperate SSD constructed from documented temperate acute toxicity data. Our results showed that tropical species were generally more sensitive to NH3 than their temperate counterparts. Based on the ratio between temperate and tropical hazardous concentration 10% values, we recommend an extrapolation factor of four to be applied when surrogate temperate toxicity data or temperate water quality guidelines of NH3 are used for protecting tropical freshwater ecosystems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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